If you have lost your Oracle Database Physical files i.e datafiles,redo logs,control files, spfile/pfile etc might be due to Physical Block corruption or deleted accidentally, in that situation you can back your database up to the previous state using latest Full Database Backup.
For that, first you have to recover the control file because it keeps information about the physical locations of database physical structure files as well as checkpoint information which Oracle background process SMON uses while instance recovery.
Once the control file recovered from database backup, then you can mount the database and restore whole the datafiles, redo log files.
I've created a test environment where I've removed all the files from OS level and then recovered the Database back to its previous state.
Thanks Rohit for explaning step by step procedure to recover Oracle database. Lost Oracle databse physical files due to corruption can also be recovered with the help of DBF repair tool. It repairs damaged database in all cases of corruption.
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